SS-31

SS-31, also known as elamipretide or Bendavia, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) designed to protect and enhance mitochondrial function by interacting with cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid found exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of SS-31:

• SS-31 binds selectively with high affinity to cardiolipin, stabilizing the mitochondrial inner membrane structure and promoting the organization of respiratory chain supercomplexes, improving electron transport and ATP production.
• It prevents cardiolipin peroxidation, reducing mitochondrial oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which in turn protects cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis.
• SS-31 improves mitochondrial efficiency, reduces electron leakage, inhibits mitochondrial swelling, and prevents the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs), all of which contribute to enhanced cell survival under stress.
• The peptide is water-soluble, resistant to degradation by peptidases, and readily taken up by mitochondria in an energy-independent manner through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
• Pharmacokinetic studies show rapid cellular uptake with peak plasma concentrations within 15-30 minutes, distribution primarily to kidney, heart, liver, lungs, and skeletal muscle, and an elimination half-life of approximately 2 hours.
• SS-31 is cleared mainly via renal excretion, with high mitochondrial accumulation (up to 5000-fold concentration), making it effective in treating mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
• It has demonstrated protective effects in preclinical and clinical studies of cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and aging.

Product details:

• Amino Acid Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt is 2,6-dimethyltyrosine)
• Molecular Weight: Approximately 639.8 Da
• Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
• Use: Research and investigational applications targeting mitochondrial health and oxidative stress

SS-31 is a promising mitochondria-targeted therapeutic agent that restores mitochondrial integrity and function by modulating cardiolipin and reducing oxidative damage.